Free Essays on Adolf Hitler

At half past six on the evening of April 20, 1889, a child was born in the small town of Branau, Austria. The name of the child was Adolf Hitler. He was the son a Customs official Alois Hitler, and his third wife Klara. As a young boy Adolf attended church regularly and sang in the local choir. One day he carved a symbol into the bench which resembled the Swastika he later used as the symbol of the Nazi party. He was a good student. He received good marks in most of his classes. However in his last year of school he failed German and Mathematics, and only succeeded in Gym and Drawing. He drooped out of school at the age of 16, spending a total of 10 years in school. From childhood, it was his dream to become an artist or architect. He was not a bad artist, as his surviving paintings and drawings show but he never showed any originality or creative imagination. To fulfill his dream he had moved to Vienna the capital of Austria where the Academy of arts was located. He failed the first time he tried to get admission and in the next year, 1907 he tried again and was very sure of success. To his surprise, he failed again. In fact the Dean of the academy was not very impressed with his performance! , and gave him a hard time and said to him "You will never be painter." The rejection really crushed him as he now reached a dead end. He could not apply to the school of architecture, as he had no high-school diploma. During the next 35 years of his life, the young man never forgot the rejection he received in the dean’s office that day. Many Historians like to speculate what would have happened IF.... Perhaps the small town boy would have had a bit more talent.... Alternatively, IF the Dean had been a little less critical, the world might have been spared the nightmare into which this boy was eventually to plunge it. While living in Vienna, Hitler made his living by drawing small pictures of famous landmarks, which he sold ... Free Essays on Adolf Hitler Free Essays on Adolf Hitler At half past six on the evening of April 20, 1889, a child was born in the small town of Branau, Austria. The name of the child was Adolf Hitler. He was the son a Customs official Alois Hitler, and his third wife Klara. As a young boy Adolf attended church regularly and sang in the local choir. One day he carved a symbol into the bench which resembled the Swastika he later used as the symbol of the Nazi party. He was a good student. He received good marks in most of his classes. However in his last year of school he failed German and Mathematics, and only succeeded in Gym and Drawing. He drooped out of school at the age of 16, spending a total of 10 years in school. From childhood, it was his dream to become an artist or architect. He was not a bad artist, as his surviving paintings and drawings show but he never showed any originality or creative imagination. To fulfill his dream he had moved to Vienna the capital of Austria where the Academy of arts was located. He failed the first time he tried to get admission and in the next year, 1907 he tried again and was very sure of success. To his surprise, he failed again. In fact the Dean of the academy was not very impressed with his performance! , and gave him a hard time and said to him "You will never be painter." The rejection really crushed him as he now reached a dead end. He could not apply to the school of architecture, as he had no high-school diploma. During the next 35 years of his life, the young man never forgot the rejection he received in the dean’s office that day. Many Historians like to speculate what would have happened IF.... Perhaps the small town boy would have had a bit more talent.... Alternatively, IF the Dean had been a little less critical, the world might have been spared the nightmare into which this boy was eventually to plunge it. While living in Vienna, Hitler made his living by drawing small pictures of famous landmarks, which he sold ...

E.B. White on Writing

E.B. White on Writing Meet essayist E.B. White- and consider the advice he has to offer on writing and the writing process. Andy, as he was known to friends and family, spent the last 50 years of his life in an old white farmhouse overlooking the sea in North Brooklin, Maine. Thats where he wrote most of his best-known essays, three childrens books, and a best-selling style guide. Introduction to E.B. White A generation has grown up since E.B. White died in that farmhouse in 1985, and yet his sly, self-deprecating voice speaks more forcefully than ever. In recent years, Stuart Little has been turned into a franchise by Sony Pictures, and in 2006 a second film adaptation of Charlottes Web was released. More significantly, Whites novel about some pig and a spider who was a true friend and a good writer has sold more than 50 million copies over the past half-century. Yet unlike the authors of most childrens books, E.B. White is not a writer to be discarded once we slip out of childhood. The best of his casually eloquent essays- which first appeared in Harpers, The New Yorker, and The Atlantic in the 1930s, 40s, and 50s- have been reprinted in Essays of E.B. White (Harper Perennial, 1999). In Death of a Pig, for instance, we can enjoy the adult version of the tale that was eventually shaped into Charlottes Web. In Once More to the Lake, White transformed the hoariest of essay topics- How I Spent My Summer Vacation- into a startling meditation on mortality.   For readers with ambitions to improve their own writing, White provided The Elements of Style (Penguin, 2005)- a lively revision of the modest guide first composed in 1918 by Cornell University professor William Strunk, Jr. It appears in our short list of essential Reference Works for Writers. White was awarded the Gold Medal for Essays and Criticism of the American Academy of Arts and Letters, the Laura Ingalls Wilder Award, the National Medal for Literature, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom. In 1973 he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters. E.B. Whites Advice to a Young Writer What do you do when youre 17 years old, baffled by life, and certain only of your dream to become a professional writer? If you had been Miss R 35 years ago, you would have composed a letter to your favorite author, seeking his advice. And 35 years ago, you would have received this reply from E. B. White: Dear Miss R:At seventeen, the future is apt to seem formidable, even depressing. You should see the pages of my journal circa 1916.You asked me about writing- how I did it. There is no trick to it. If you like to write and want to write, you write, no matter where you are or what else you are doing or whether anyone pays any heed. I must have written half a million words (mostly in my journal) before I had anything published, save for a couple of short items in St. Nicholas. If you want to write about feelings, about the end of summer, about growing, write about it. A great deal of writing is not plotted- most of my essays have no plot structure, they are a ramble in the woods, or a ramble in the basement of my mind. You ask, Who cares? Everybody cares. You say, Its been written before. Everything has been written before. I went to college but not direct from high school; there was an interval of six or eight months. Sometimes it works out well to take a short vacation from the academic world- I have a grandson who took a year off and got a job in Aspen, Colorado. After a year of skiing and working, he is now settled into Colby College as a freshman. But I cant advise you, or wont advise you, on any such decision. If you have a counselor at school, Id seek the counselors advice. In college (Cornell), I got on the daily newspaper and ended up as editor of it. It enabled me to do a lot of writing and gave me a good journalistic experience. You are right that a persons real duty in life is to save his dream, but dont worry about it and dont let them scare you. Henry Thoreau, who wrote Walden, said, I learned this at least by my experiment: that if one advances confidently in the direction of his dreams, and endeavors to live the life which he has imagined, he will meet with a success unexpected in common hours. The sentence, after more than a hundred years, is still alive. So, advance confidently. And when you write something, send it (neatly typed) to a magazine or a publishing house. Not all magazines read unsolicited contributions, but some do. The New Yorker is always looking for new talent. Write a short piece for them, send it to The Editor. Thats what I did forty-some years ago. Good luck.Sincerely,E. B. White Whether youre a young writer like Miss R or an older one, Whites counsel still holds. Advance confidently, and good luck. E.B. White on a Writers Responsibility In an interview for The Paris Review in 1969, White was asked to express his views about the writers commitment to politics, international affairs. His response: A writer should concern himself with whatever absorbs his fancy, stirs his heart, and unlimbers his typewriter. I feel no obligation to deal with politics. I do feel a responsibility to society because of going into print: a writer has the duty to be good, not lousy; true, not false; lively, not dull; accurate, not full of error. He should tend to lift people up, not lower them down. Writers do not merely reflect and interpret life, they inform and shape life. E.B. White on Writing for the Average Reader In an essay titled Calculating Machine, White wrote disparagingly about the Reading-Ease Calculator, a device that presumed to measure the readability of an individuals writing style. There is, of course, no such thing as reading ease of written matter. There is the ease with which matter can be read, but that is a condition of the reader, not of the matter. There is no average reader, and to reach down toward this mythical character is to deny that each of us is on the way up, is ascending. It is my belief that no writer can improve his work until he discards the dulcet notion that the reader is feebleminded, for writing is an act of faith, not of grammar. Ascent is at the heart of the matter. A country whose writers are following the calculating machine downstairs is not ascending- if you will pardon the expression- and a writer who questions the capacity of the person at the other end of the line is not a writer at all, merely a schemer. The movies long ago decided that a wider communication could be achieved by a deliberate descent to a lower level, and they walked proudly down until they reached the cellar. Now they are groping for the light switch, hoping to find the way out. E.B. White on Writing With Style In the final chapter of The Elements of Style (Allyn Bacon, 1999), White presented 21 suggestions and cautionary hints to help writers develop an effective style. He prefaced those hints with this warning: Young writers often suppose that style is a garnish for the meat of prose, a sauce by which a dull dish is made palatable. Style has no such separate entity; is nondetachable, unfilterable. The beginner should approach style warily, realizing that it is himself he is approaching, no other; and he should begin by turning resolutely away from all devices that are popularly believed to indicate style- all mannerisms, tricks, adornments. The approach to style is by way of plainness, simplicity, orderliness, sincerity. Writing is, for most, laborious and slow. The mind travels faster than the pen; consequently, writing becomes a question of learning to make occasional wing shots, bringing down the bird of thought as it flashes by. A writer is a gunner, sometimes waiting in his blind for something to come in, sometimes roaming the countryside hoping to scare something up. Like other gunners, he must cultivate patience; he may have to work many covers to bring down one partridge. Youll notice that while advocating a plain and simple style, White conveyed his thoughts through artful metaphors. E.B. White on Grammar Despite the prescriptive tone of The Elements of Style, Whites own applications of grammar and syntax were primarily intuitive, as he once explained in The New Yorker: Usage seems to us peculiarly a matter of ear. Everyone has his own prejudices, his own set of rules, his own list of horribles. The English language is always sticking a foot out to trip a man. Every week we get thrown, writing merrily along. English usage is sometimes more than mere taste, judgment, and education- sometimes its sheer luck, like getting across a street. E.B. White on Not Writing In a book review titled Writers at Work, White described his own writing habits- or rather, his habit of putting off writing. The thought of writing hangs over our mind like an ugly cloud, making us apprehensive and depressed, as before a summer storm, so that we begin the day by subsiding after breakfast, or by going away, often to seedy and inconclusive destinations: the nearest zoo, or a branch post office to buy a few stamped envelopes. Our professional life has been a long shameless exercise in avoidance. Our home is designed for the maximum of interruption, our office is the place where we never are. Yet the record is there. Not even lying down and closing the blinds stops us from writing; not even our family, and our preoccupation with same, stops us.

Who Moved My Cheese by Johnson Spencer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Who Moved My Cheese by Johnson Spencer - Essay Example This prevents the change from getting an individual by surprise. Quick adaption to the change is necessary. This calls for the release of the old cheese to enjoy a new one. It is advisable to move before the change. As in the case of the mice in the book, the move fast in search of new food supply and have quick instincts to adapt upon depletion of the existing supply. It is also very significant to accept a change in order to move ahead. In case someone faces change, do not waste precious time blaming others. Quickly move with the cheese. It is also advisable to enjoy a new cheese but does not create a comfort zone in the new cheese. Try to take the positive bit of a change and seize the opportunity to learn new ideas. To keep up with the pace some changes are of need. This calls the rearrangement of the staffs to face a new change for managers. People can also stay at one point for a long time since most of them are not ready to change for another cheese. Management purposes that i f one does not change become extinct. Most people wait until the environment presents no any other option but only a change. This is the worst management practice. People should practice counteracting the fear of the new cheese. People should also practice movement in the right direction. The application of the lesson learned in this book can help in both personal profession and management. This would prompt an individual to be keen to details and welcome a reason for a change. Always have the confidence of unknown to bury the fear.

The Great Post-It Mascare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Great Post-It Mascare - Essay Example He exemplifies Nietzsche’s observation that intelligence, mind, spirit etc. are falsely regarded as man’s highest faculties and in reality they have no privileged status within that power complex which we call a human person (Grimm, 1977, page 10). He finds a justification to his intense desire to exercise control over others by assuming that people have an inherent dislike for work and tend to avoid responsibility; they must, therefore, be pushed, punished, coerced and directed to ‘extract’ work. Such attitude is bound to prevent free and fair communication. Conflict is inevitable when there is neither motivation nor communication. It is almost a century since the Hawthorne Studies revealed the significance and benefits of informal organization. It is an irony that managers of George’s kind still abound. Positive organizational behavior recognizes employee well-being to be the heart of performance of improvement in workplace (Kinder, 2008, page 51). The perspective of Beverly or Bob is that the average worker enjoys work, is ready to accept responsibility if adequately reinforced and can exercise self-direction. Such perspectives can create win-win situations. It cannot be denied that Bob owes his success, to a great extent, to Beverly’s trust, encouragement and willingness to delegate. The approach is grounded in the awareness that ‘passing the torch from generation to generation is the primary conduit through which core lessons of leadership are learned’ (Deal et al., 2010, page 152). The benefits of the awareness are mutual. Beverly, as the COO, is still responsible for the people she has molded. She must see to it that the methods and processes initiated by her (in the interest of the employees) will be continued and improved upon by the successor. As George’s superior, she can monitor his leadership style and act as necessary. Changing the departments of

Literature Search Worksheet Essay Example for Free

Literature Search Worksheet Essay Select a literature search topic relevant to your practice. The topic must be sufficiently delineated in scope without being trivial. You will revisit this article in the Week Five presentation. Possible topics include but are not limited to: Non-pharmacological pain relief with childbirth Effects of shift work and fatigue on medication errors Best practices for pin site care Nurse satisfaction in magnet hospitals Accurate temperature assessment methods in neonates Pain assessment in the cognitively impaired d type II diabetes and obesity Complementary and alternative therapies for control of menopausal symptoms Best practices in nurse-led smoking cessation classes Thermoregulation in the operating room Best practices for pain assessment and management in specified area of practice Complete the table below: Which topic did you choose? Thermoregulation in the operating room Which three databases will you use? 1.EBSCO host 2.Proquest 3.Google Search each database, using key words, for relevant research on this subject. What key words did you use in the Search Strategy fields? Include all attempts and limitations used to refine your search. 1.EBSCO host- operating  room, temperature regulation 2.Proquest- Thermoregulation in the operating room 3.Google- Thermoregulation in the operating room Report the number of citations identified from each database in the number of articles found field. 1.EBSCOhost- 2 2.Proquest- 1502 3.Google- 185,000 Select one article from a peer-reviewed nursing journal published within the last three years—or a germinal article which may contain an earlier publication date—and provide the citation in APA format. Horosz, B., Malec-Milewska, M. (2013, January). Inadvertent Intraoperative Hypothermia. Anesthesiology Intensive Therapy, 45(1), 38-043. Retrieved from http://web.b.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=3sid=64fddb23-3c98-455f-a30a-67ad87d009dc%40sessionmgr115hid=126 Answer the following questions using your selected research article: 1 Is this qualitative or quantitative? What is the study design? What criteria did you use to determine the study design? It is a Quantitative. In the research there are numbers that indicate temperature regulation as variables. The study tests the patient’s core body temperature in the operating room when they are under anesthesia and with controlling the room temperature during surgery. The criteria I used out of this study were to determine the study design was that numbers were used in this study. The research was using a relationship between variables, the temperature of men vs. women and also the time that the person was in the operating room in and under sedation. There was documentation done in a drop of core temperature the longer the person was sedated and in the operating room. 2 How did you confirm that the journal you selected was peer-reviewed or germinal? I determined that the journal article was peer-reviewed because I selected  peer-reviewed form the EBSCO host database and it came from a credited web base. In the publication it also states that it is peer-reviewed. 3 Does this research article generate support for evidence-based practice? If not, state why it does not. Please review the critical appraisal guideline on pg. 466-480. It does provide evidence based research, In the article it describes ways of warming to prevent hypothermia in the operating room all based on research to keeping patients with warm fluids and warm blankets and monitoring the core temperature of the patient while they are sedated.

Organized Crime in Russia and the Impact it has on Russia’s Way of Life :: Criminal Organizations, Mafia

Organized crimes also refer to criminal organizations; they could be transnational, local or it could be deeply rooted into a region where they perform as enterprises. This paper explains the real meaning of organized crime. In addition, the paper looks into all organized crime groups in Russia and looks into the effects it has on the economy. In addition, organized crimes have set up cartels that illegally trade arms and ammunitions that have compromised the security of Russians. This has made Russia become a brooding nest for terrorists and hard drugs traffickers. However, the Soviet Union has put all needed measures to reduce the number of organized crimes in Russia with the help of United States and the United Nations. Organized crimes have taken different names depending on the region but ‘Mafia’ is a universal name that relates to many organized groups in the world. Most of the regions has at one time had a mafia group; Sicily has had the Sicilian Mafia, United States have not been left behind either since it has had the Italian American Mafia and the Mexican Mafias in North America (Albanese, 2000, p. 409). Russia has had Irish Mob which was considered a very strong cartel involved with drug trafficking. Many organized groups have had a common thing that brings them together where they have had distorted psychologies and mind sets. Some of the organized groups are brought about by activities or practices they share among themselves (Albanese, 2000, p. 409). Some of the factors that have contributed towards formation of organized crimes or groups could be social factors. Mostly, organized crime groups need to have a social control over their community or a region. The other factor that contributed to formation of organized groups was as a result of economic influences (Albanese, 2000, p. 410). Most organized crimes need to have a control of economy of a region or the territory; the control of economic activities could be attained through corruption, coercion or through illegal praxis (Albanese, 2000, p. 410). The other factor that contributed towards formation of organized groups was political power. Organized groups are determined to attain power over a territory either through viole nce or corruption. The present organized groups are very different from traditional mafias since they are said to have an underground operation strategy and thus it becomes very hard for the government to control such formations. Presently, most of the Mafia groups have digressed from the traditional manners of management when the groups used to act against one another to working together (Albanese, 2000, p.

Jay Gatsby Character Analysis Essay

The character Jay Gatsby, also known as James Gatz, is the key character in The Great Gatsby. He started out as a poor farmer’s son in North Dakota, and dropped out of college in Minnesota. He joined the military and during training meets Daisy, a beautiful rich woman living nearby, whom he falls in love with. Gatsby is soon shipped out for the war. Daisy then marries Tom Buchanan who is a rich aristocrat whose social standing is the same as Daisy’s, her ideal partner. Gatsby becomes rich from bootlegging after coming back from the war to impress and win back Daisy. Jay Gatsby carries a dark shroud around his past which makes him very mysterious to other characters in the book as well as to readers. Gatsby is an extremely generous man considering his roots as a poor farmer’s son. He claims to come from money but he was actually the son of a very poor farmer in North Dakota. Coming from no money he throws around his money frivolously like he always wished he could as a young boy. Gatsby throws parties every weekend, which anyone can attend and have a good time. At his parties there is always plenty of food and much to drink as well as music and dancing. At one of his parties, a woman named Lucille tore her dress on a chair, Gatsby heard of this and asked her for her name and address. Gatsby then bought her a new dress worth $265 and sent it to her within a week. â€Å"When I was here last I tore my gown on a chair†¦ I got a package from Croirier’s with a new evening gown in it† (Fitzgerald 43). Gatsby buys the dress because loves to flaunt his money for people to see how rich he is, and for Daisy to see how rich he’s become. He also offers Nick, Gatsby’s neighbor and Daisy’s cousin, a job in his business knowing he might need a little more money. Even though Nick didn’t take Gatsby up on his job offer it still shows that Gatsby trusts Nick and is a generous gesture. Gatsby is also generous in taking the blame for the death of Myrtle, Tom’s secret lover. It may not be of any monetary value but he loves Daisy enough to take the murder off her hands and take the blame himself. Gatsby’s generosity is a great attribute to his character, however most know him for the mystique and enigmatic presence. Jay Gatsby is quite the intriguing and mysterious character. Everyone attends his parties yet no one seems to really know anything about him. He makes grandiose claims of graduating from Oxford but can’t prove it, which adds a bit of mystique to his past, whether its false or real. Since many of the partygoers know little to nothing of Gatsby, many rumors are spread throughout the party. â€Å"He’s a bootlegger† and â€Å"One time he killed a man who had found out that he was nephew to Von Hindenburg and second cousin to the devil† (Fitzgerald 61) were some rumors spread about the second party Nick attended. The rumors differed from person to person but someone always seemed to have a different perspective of Jay Gatsby. When Nick is introducing Tom, Daisy’s husband, to Gatsby he disappears when Nick isn’t looking, and Nick doesn’t know why he left, or where he went. Gatsby left Nick alone with Tom because he didn’t want to meet with the man who stole Daisy from him. Nick, essentially being Gatsby’s only friend in the novel, is lied to by Gatsby about his past, but eventually after things don’t add up Gatsby lets the truth out. With years of telling lies Gatsby feels relieved to finally be able to tell someone the truth about himself. His roots of being a farmer’s son to being a rich man living in West Egg is suspicious to begin with. But saying that his money came from â€Å"some wealthy people in the middle west† (Fitzgerald 65) isn’t convincing. Gatsby uses his past to make a false social standing and to gain respect. However his facade has too many holes in it and soon his lies begin to catch up with him. His career in bootlegging has him running around with shady characters and disappearing from time to time. If his money wasn’t dirty, which he claims it isn’t then he’d have no reason to associate with gangsters such as Meyer Wolfsheim. The mystery surrounding Gatsby in the novel pales in comparison to the passion and devotion he carries for Daisy throughout the story. Jay Gatsby becomes devoted to winning the love of Daisy after hearing that she married Tom Buchanan. Even after the war and his shady business with Wolfsheim, Daisy is still the only woman in Gatsby’s heart. Gatsby becomes rich through bootlegging, which he could have gone to jail for just to get Daisy’s attention. Since Daisy is such a shallow woman Gatsby had to use riches and social standing to make her ‘love’ him. He buys a mansion in West Egg and flaunts his money and makes extravagant stories so he can be held at a high enough level to be with Daisy. Gatsby throws enormous parties every weekend in order to lure Daisy in by chance, however he never gets a reunion with his beloved until he meets Nick, Daisy’s cousin. Gatsby invited Nick to one of his parties to meet and befriend Nick, soon after he asked Nick to arrange the reunion. Nick is more like a stepping stone for Gatsby to get to Daisy than a friend, he takes Nick out as a friend but always seems distant. After Gatsby and Daisy meet for the first time in 5 years Gatsby shows her around his mansion to impress her, and it works. â€Å"That huge place there? † she cried pointing. (Fitzgerald 90). â€Å"I love it† (Fitzgerald 90). Later on after the affair Daisy and Gatsby are having gets a little more serious and Gatsby tries to make Daisy tell Tom that she never loved him. Gatsby’s only dream is for Daisy to leave Tom for him, but it is shattered because Daisy and Tom have a daughter and Daisy won’t leave Tom because he provides her with security. Tom comes from old money and he has a family with Daisy but Gatsby has new money from bootlegging, and still risks going to jail. His devotion doesn’t end there, when Daisy hits Tom’s lover Myrtle and leaves the scene without stopping, Gatsby takes the blame for the incident trying to protect Daisy. He even waits outside Daisy’s window to ensure that Tom doesn’t try to hurt her. His devotion for Daisy is so deep that he ends up dying for her, when Wilson, Myrtle’s husband, kills him thinking he ran over his wife. Gatsby’s unrequited love for Daisy eventually blossoms into an affair, but ultimately is the reason for his demise. Jay Gatsby, the main character of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby holds a very large presence in the story. He is very shady in the beginning, always hiding and never being out in the open. He starts to show us a little about himself and becomes a bit understood, until his past doesn’t seem to add up. Once the truth comes out it leaves a bit of mystery around his movement in the story. The clouded past of James Gatz arouses curiosity of what he’s really up to and a mystery of what he’ll do next.

Post Graduate Essay

In addition, the study group had encouraged her to illustrate her tentative answers with numerical illustrations using case data. Prior Knowledge Kim understood from the background readings assigned for her accounting course that Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) defined liabilities as â€Å"Probable future sacrifices of economic benefits arising from present obligations of a particular entity to transfer assets or provide services to other entities in the future as a result of past transactions or events. † Kim also knew under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) that liabilities were recognized on the balance sheet when â€Å"It is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will result from the settlement of a present obligation and the amount at which the settlement will take place can be measured reliably. † Further, Kim understood from her readings that there was a special set of accounting rules covering contingent liability recognition and disclosure. Under GAAP, a contingency is an existing condition involving uncertainty as to possible gain or loss.

Coronary Heart Disease Essay Example

Coronary Heart Disease Essay Example Coronary Heart Disease Paper Coronary Heart Disease Paper Coronary heart disease, just as the name suggests is disease that affects the heart. This condition affects the blood vessels that are responsible of supplying the heart with oxygen known as coronary arteries. Usually this condition is characterized by the accumulation of fats and cholesterol inside the coronary arteries making the process of supply of blood to the heart difficult (Jean, L. 2000). To help us understand how exactly the coronary heart disease occurs it may be important to know how the heart works to ensure that the heart is constantly beating. The heart has four main chambers which are the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium and the left ventricle. The blood from other body parts enters the heart through the right atrium. From this chamber the blood flows to the right ventricle where it is pumped to the lungs in order to be supplied with oxygen. The oxygenated blood returns to the heart through the left atrium where it is then pushed to the left atrium and pumped at great pressure. It is this process that ensures that the heart beats normally (Grace, M. L Allan, G. 2004). The pumping of blood in the left ventricle is very powerful since it is the one that ensures stable flow of blood throughout the body. When a person is born the inner lining of the arteries is smooth and hence there is free and easy flow of blood. However as a person advances in age the level of calcium and cholesterol begins to build up making the inner lining of the arteries thick and hence prevent free flow of blood. This is the genesis of the coronary heart disease begins. It is not always that the inner lining of the arteries become thick as one ages. It by and large depends on a person’s habits. Some habits that cause the levels of calcium and cholesterol to rise include smoking, lack of exercise and feeding in foods that have high levels of calcium and cholesterol. What are The Major Causes of the Coronary Heart Disease? As already mentioned this condition is caused by the accumulation of cholesterol and fatty substances on the walls of the arteries that supply blood to the heart. As a result these vessels are not able to allow free flow of blood and as a result the heart develops a defect. The major causes of this condition include smoking. This includes all tobacco containing substances and not only the smoked tobacco but also the one in chewed form. High Blood pressure is yet another condition that causes this heart and so does hypertension contribute. Lack of exercise and feeding on foods that are rich in cholesterol and fats will eventually lead to this condition although it may take a long time (Jean, L. 2000). It is also important to note that the coronary heart disease is hereditary. This means that it runs through the blood family lineage and one may acquire it from other family members. Other conditions that lead to this heart defect include obesity, stress brought about by emotions and dia betes. Symptoms of Coronary Heart Disease The most devastating yet the most common symptom of coronary heart disease is cardiac arrest which mainly attacks people who have had heart attacks previously. Other common symptoms of this disease include general discomfort by the patient, dizziness, running out of breath especially when involved in a physical exercise however small it maybe. Palpitation is also a common symptom where the patient experiences rapid heart beats which then cease after sometime only for them to return after a while making the patient uncomfortable. A patient is also likely to experience pain on the jaws, at the back and on the left arm. More often patients suffering from this condition experience hearts that are not regular and this leads to lightheadedness and the patient may collapse (Sandeep, G, A. John, C.1999). If a person experiences any one or more of the above mentioned symptoms, it is advisable to seek medical care as soon as is practically possible. This is because as far as this condition goes, time is of essence. Should you delay for too long after experiencing any of the mentioned symptoms then the condition could eventually be fatal. According to a research done by medical practitioners many of those who die because of this condition could have survived if only the condition was diagnosed early enough (Grace, M. L Allan, G. 2004). Tests and Medical Examinations In the hospital medical practitioners do not merely reach to the conclusion that you are suffering from coronary heart disease. They need to actually diagnose you with the disease and therefore they carry out tests to ascertain whether exactly whether you are suffering from the heart disease. To begin with doctors will always carry out screening tests to find out whether there is actually presence of this condition and if so to what extent i.e. its severity. Blood tests are common as they help to ascertain the composition of the blood cells of the patient and to reveal if he patient has been suffering from attacks. Electrocardiogram is yet another test that is carried out and it helps ascertain al defects that the heart may be having. It helps confirm diagnosis of the coronary heart disease. X-ray of the chest helps establish if there any abnormalities of the heart especially as far as the shape and size of the heart are concerned. It also helps to detect if there are any fluids that have built up in the lungs (Jean, L. 2000). Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease Upon being diagnosed with this condition it is of utmost importance to observe instructions of the medical practitioner so as to prevent the condition from deteriorating. To begin with it is important to change one’s lifestyle. As mentioned already some of the causes of this condition include some habits like smoking and eating foods that are rich in fats and cholesterol (Sandeep, G, A. John, C.1999). Hence when one is diagnosed with this condition it would only be wise to refrain from any habit that may make the condition worse. Patients are also advised to observe a healthy diet. By so doing one ensures that the intake of fatty foods is reduced and hence the risk of the condition getting worse is lessened. Patients are also advised that they should ensure that their intake of fat is reduced considerably. As matter of fact the required intake for people suffering from this condition is less than thirty percent of all foods taken on average by a person daily. Regular exercise as part of treatment of the coronary heart disease is also highly recommended. The argument of medical practitioners is that when a patient engages himself or herself in regular exercises the cholesterol and the fats tend to melt hence making one more fit and hence reduces the risk that comes with this disease. Another major step that really works in helping in reducing the risks of this condition is to quit to smoking. This works as a great advantage in reducing the severity of the condition. Medical research shows that upon quitting smoke, within a period of 36 months the risk of a smoker drops considerably to that of a person who suffers the same condition but is a non-smoker. It is therefore of paramount importance to adhere strictly to personal discipline (Jean, L. 2000). If a patient suffering from this condition is in addition suffering from high blood pressure and diabetes, one is advised to keep themselves in check all the time to ensure that their sugar levels and blood pressure are stable. By so doing the chances of this condition worsening is reduced considerably. Taking a dose aspirin on a daily basis helps reduce the frequent attacks that one may experience as result of the coronary heart disease. However one must ensure that the dose is low level and not high level. Conclusion Coronary heart disease can be fatal or manageable depending on how early it is diagnosed and how well one restricts themselves to the instructions of the medical practitioners. And as the saying goes prevention far much better than cure. It is therefore important to ensure that you avoid all habits that are likely to cause this condition. Most importantly one needs to strictly observe their diet. By so doing one is almost sure that they are safe from this defect of the heart. Reference: Grace, M. Lindsay, Allan Gaw. (2004). Coronary heart disease prevention: London: Elsevier Health Sciences. Jean, Lequime. (2000). Prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease and its complications. New York: University of Michigan. Sandeep, Gupta, A. John, Camm. (1999). Chronic Infection, Chlamydia and Coronary Heart Disease. London: Springer.

Platos Apology

Platos Apology Platos  Apology  is one of the most famous and admired texts in world literature.  It offers what many scholars believe is a fairly  reliable account of what the Athenian philosopher Socrates (469 BCE - 399 BCE) said in court on the day that he was tried and condemned to death on charges of impiety and corrupting the youth. Although short, it offers an unforgettable  portrait of Socrates, who comes across as smart, ironic, proud, humble, self-assured, and fearless in the face of death.  It offers not just a defense of Socrates the man but also a defense of the philosophical life, which is one reason it has always been popular with philosophers! The text and the title The work was written by Plato  who was present at the trial.  At the time he was 28 years old and a great admirer of Socrates, so the portrait and the speech may be embellished to cast both in a good light.  Even so, some of what Socrates detractors called his arrogance comes through. The  Apology  is most definitely not an apology: the Greek word apologia really means defense. Background: Why was Socrates put on trial? This is a little complicated.  The trial took place in Athens in 399 BCE.  Socrates was not prosecuted by the statethat is, by the city of Athens, but by three individuals, Anytus, Meletus, and Lycon.  He faced two charges: 1) corrupting the youth 2) impiety or irreligion.   But as Socrates himself says, behind his new accusers there are old accusers. Part of what he means is this.  In 404 BCE, just five years earlier, Athens had been defeated by its rival city state Sparta after a long and devastating conflict known ever since as the Peloponnesian War. Although he fought bravely for Athens during the war, Socrates was closely associated with characters like Alcibiades who some blamed for Athens ultimate defeat.   Worse still, for a short time after the war, Athens was ruled by a bloodthirsty and oppressive group put in place by Sparta, the thirty tyrants as they were called.  And Socrates had at one time been friendly with some of them.  When the thirty tyrants were overthrown in 403 BCE and  democracy was restored in Athens, it was agreed that no-one should be prosecuted for things done during the war or during the reign of the tyrants. Because of this general amnesty, the charges against Socrates were left rather vague.  But everyone in court that day would have understood what lay behind them. Socrates formal refutation of the charges against him In the first part of his speech Socrates shows that the charges against him dont make much sense. Meletus in effect claims that Socrates both  believes in no gods and that he believes in false gods.  Anyway, the supposedly impious beliefs he is accused of holdinge.g. that the sun is a stoneare old hat; the philosopher Anaxagoras makes this claim in a book that anyone can buy in the market place.  As for corrupting the youth, Socrates argues that no-one would do this knowingly.  To corrupt someone is to make them a worse person, which would also make them a worse friend to have around. Why would he want to do that? Socrates real defense: a defense of the philosophical life The heart of the Apology  is Socrates account of the way he has lived his life.  He recounts how his friend Chaerephon once asked the Delphic Oracle if anyone was wiser than Socrates.  The Oracle said that no -one was.  On hearing this Socrates claims to have been astounded, since he was acutely aware of his own ignorance.  He set about trying to prove the Oracle wrong by interrogating his fellow Athenians, searching for someone who was genuinely wise.  But he kept coming up against the same problem.  People might be quite expert about some particular thing such as military strategy, or boatbuilding; but they always thought themselves expert on many other things, particularly on deep moral and political questions.  And Socrates, in the course of questioning them, would reveal that on these matters they didnt know what they were talking about. Naturally, this made Socrates unpopular with those whose ignorance he  exposed.  It also gave him the reputation (unjustly, he says) of being a sophist, someone who was good at winning arguments through verbal quibbling.  But he stuck to his mission throughout his life.  He was never interested in making money; not did he enter politics.  He was happy to live in poverty and spend  his time discussing moral and philosophical questions with anyone who was willing to converse with him. Socrates then does something rather unusual. Many men in his position would conclude their speech by appealing to the jurys compassion, pointing out that they have young children, and pleading for mercy.  Socrates does the opposite.  He more or less harangues the jury and everyone else present to reform their lives, to stop caring so much about money, status, and reputation,  and start caring more about the moral quality of heir souls. Far from being guilty of any crime, he argues, he is actually gods gift to the city, for which they should be grateful.  In  a famous image he likens himself to a gadfly that by stinging the neck of a horse keeps it from being sluggish. This is what he does for Athens: he keeps people from becoming intellectually lazy and forces them to be self-critical. The Verdict The jury of 501 Athenian citizens proceed to find Socrates guilty by a vote of 281 to 220.  The system required the prosecution to propose a penalty and the defense to propose an alternative penalty.  Socrates accusers propose death.  They probably expected Socrates to propose exile, and the jury would probably have gone along with this.  But Socrates wont play the game.  His first proposal is that, since hes an asset to the city, he should  receive free meals at the prytaneum, an honor usually given to Olympic athletes.  This outrageous suggestion probably sealed his fate. But Socrates is defiant. He rejects the idea of exile.  He even rejects the idea of staying in Athens and keeping his mouth shut. He cant stop doing philosophy, he says, because the unexamined life is not worth living. Perhaps in response to the urgings of his friends, Socrates eventually proposes a fine, but the damage was done. By a larger margin, the jury voted for the death penalty. Socrates is not surprised by the verdict, nor is he phased by it.  Hes seventy years old and will die soon anyway. Death, he says, is either an endless dreamless sleep, which is nothing to fear, or it leads to an afterlife where, he imagines, he will be able to carry on philosophizing. A few weeks later Socrates died by drinking hemlock, surrounded by his friends.  His last moments are beautifully related by Plato in the  Ã‚  Phaedo.

Quiz 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Quiz 2 - Assignment Example It is a two sided structure which encompasses criminal trial courts that involves the prosecution being against the defense. Fairness is achieved when an effective petitioner is able to convince the jury or judge that their view of the case is the right one (Boyack, Connor 2011). It tends to test the validity of arguments and this helps in discovering the truth as the adversaries are are offered equal opportunities to air their arguments for their case and to critically questioning the opponents arguments mainly via witnesses. The adversarial system is accepted by many communities since it appears to be fair and a sensible method of resolving conflicts or disputes as it satisfies the idea of fair play in a community (Tarakson, Stella 2004). The law can be sourced from precedents, precedents is sourcing laws from previously made judgments that is judgment passed by some of the intellectuals jurists ,it is normally used when there is no legislature in a particular situation where changing conditions arises. Statutory interpretation-it involves a process of ascertaining expressions and meanings of letters by courts, it involves constructing or interpretation, as for interpretation the court seeks to ascertain meanings of particular legislations and it is through the interpretations that the judiciary comes up with the law. Preparatory works-the processes that lead to legislation are subsequently used as guidelines on how laws are interpreted and comprehend acts of legislations and this takes place in some legal cultures (Hein, Paul, Garcia & Clair