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Wednesday, December 25, 2019
Andrew Campbell s The Power Of Myth - 861 Words
Imagine more than half of the population being denied its basic human rights. Fifty years ago, many basic human rights were a luxury, were a work in progress, or were even nonexistent. In fifty years, racism, sexism, homophobia, and many other types of prejudice have been challenged in the effort to create a civil and unbiased national community. However, despite the prodigious movements that have been at work for quite some time, each of these issues and many more still stand and exist today. I agree with Joseph Campbellââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"The Power of Myth.â⬠Campbellââ¬â¢s stance applies to the issues of present day political ethics concerning human rights, more specifically, racism, sexism, and homophobia. Firstly, Campbellââ¬â¢s stance applies to the issues of modern political ethics, more specifically, racism. Uncountable amounts of action have taken place, and by textual legality, the United States government has developed in many ways. However, racism in the United St ates is still all too real. Being addressed the earliest in America out of racism, sexism, and homophobia, racism in the country has changed throughout centuries. As Joseph Campbell says ââ¬Å"the moral order has to catch up with the moral necessities of actual life in time, here and now. And that is what we are not doing.â⬠Far too many citizens, businesses, and even entire communities are racially prejudiced. It is perniciously unfortunate that the issue has been prolonged by the lack of unified support to the point that theShow MoreRelatedNarcissistic Personality Disorder ( Npd )1578 Words à |à 7 Pageshave been previously determined. Transference-Focused Psychotherapy is one type of treatment that is used for borderline personality disorder is also used to help people with narcissistic personality disorder. Ã¢â¬Æ' The word Narcissist comes from a Greek myth about Narcissus. Narcissus was a beautiful proud man that loved to see his reflection in a pool of water. At first, he didnââ¬â¢t recognize his own image but then he became obsessed with looking at himself and didnââ¬â¢t leave the pool of water and eventuallyRead MoreDeparture, Initiation, and Return Essay4222 Words à |à 17 Pagestells of his mission and how he seeks to accomplish it in the face of obstacles. A mythological analysis says that the story has a heros departure. It also says that the story has a call to adventure or ââ¬Å"call to some high historical undertakingâ⬠(Campbell 51), a brief refusal of the call, a starting point when the call is accepted, and guides on the journeys path . The story goes on as the spy departs for another location to carry out his mission. Time is running out and there is no way of escapeRead MoreRethinking Mercantalism Essay15042 Words à |à 61 PagesRethinking Mercantilism: Political Economy, the British Empire, and the Atlantic World in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries Author(s): Steve Pincus Reviewed work(s): Source: The William and Mary Quarterly, Vol. 69, No. 1 (January 2012), pp. 3-34 Published by: Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5309/willmaryquar.69.1.0003 . Accessed: 06/09/2012 12:18 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the TermsRead MoreTrobriand Islanders-Malinowski and Weiner10855 Words à |à 44 Pagesof Trobriand kinship, property, and power relations further [pic] ââ¬â¢ 43 ââ¬â¢ highlighted this portrait of remote and exotic practices. Trobrianders were not only matrilineal but they denied the role of the father in conception. Malinowski informed his incredulous European audience that Trobrianders saw the fetus as the coming together of maternal blood and of baloma, matrilineal spirit. The father merely ââ¬Å"opened the way,â⬠semen was thought to have no generative power, and physical resemblance between fatherRead MoreContemporary Management Issues9330 Words à |à 38 Pages Chapter for Paradoxical New Directions in Organization and Management Theory. Edited by Stewart Clegg. Amsterdam: Benjamins. (Second Draft) July 2001 The problem of whether employee resistance is possible under corporate relations of power that target the very hearts and minds of workers has become an increasingly important issue in recent critical organization studies. With the advent of Ãâcultural cleansing (Strangleman and Roberts, 1999), Ãâdesigner selves (Casey, 1995) and otherRead MoreStrategy Safari by Mintzberg71628 Words à |à 287 Pages 5 The Entrepreneurial School Strategy Formation as a Visionary Process 123 6 The Cognitive School Strategy Formation as a Mental Process 149 7 The Learning School Strategy Formation as an Emergent Process 175 8 The Power School Strategy Formation as a Process of Negotiation 233 9 The Cultural School Strategy Formation as a Collective Process 263 10 The Environmental School Strategy Formation as a Reactive Process 285 I I The ConfigurationRead MoreMedical Tourism22177 Words à |à 89 PagesAssumptions....................................................................................... 30 Threat of Entry (Barriers) .................................................................... 30 Bargaining Power of Suppliers ........................................................... 31 Bargaining Power of Buyers ............................................................... 32 Threat of substitute products or services ............................................ 33 Rivalry from competitors ........Read MoreCourse Article8941 Words à |à 36 PagesParting at the Crossroads: The Development of Health Insurance in Canada and the United States, 1940-1965 Author(s): Antonia Maioni Source: Comparative Politics, Vol. 29, No. 4 (Jul., 1997), pp. 411-431 Published by: Ph.D. Program in Political Science of the City University of New York Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/422012 . Accessed: 12/10/2013 14:05 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/termsRead MoreMeasuring Consumersââ¬â¢ Luxury Value Perception: a Cross-Cultural Framework13193 Words à |à 53 PagesValue Perception ââ¬â The consumption of luxury goods appears to have a strong social function. Therefore, the social dimension refers to the perceived utility individuals acquire by consuming products or services recognized within their own social group(s) such as conspicuousness and prestige value, which may significantly affect the evaluation and the propensity to purchase or consume luxury brands (Vigneron and Johnson 1999, 2004; Bearden, and Etzel 1982; Brinberg and Plimpton 1986; Kim 1998). TheseRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words à |à 319 Pagespresage the arrival of Rastafarianism also witnessed and read about the dramatic struggle of Emperor Haile Selassie to remove the Italians from his homeland of Ethiopia, which became the ï ¬ rst African nation to effectively oust, by force, a colonial power. These were monumental times, and these men, fully steeped in the apocalyptic visions of the world, saw something important in all of these happenings. I grew up in Jamaica at a time when Rastas were still regarded as useless, lazy, half-insane,
Monday, December 16, 2019
Brain-Computer Interfaces - 1221 Words
Until recently, our relationship with technology has been limited to physical and direct command. To get a device to take action, you must touch it, or speak to it. All of this could change with this new technology called, brain-computer interfaces. This amazing technology will not only revamp military applications, but most importantly help the medical community substantially. It brings the possibility of sound to the deaf, sight to the blind and movement to the physically challenged. However, with all great ideas there is a downside, there are many technical and ethical issues that people are not willing to risk. A brain-computer interface, also known as a BCI, is technology that allows a device to respond neural signalsâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦With the help of Dr. Leigh Hochberg of Massachusetts General Hospital, Huthinson was able to manipulate a robotic arm to serve herself coffee (Castillo 1). This may sound like a simple task for a normally functional person, but for someone who has been paralyzed for fifteen years this is ground breaking. There have even been new studies of prosthetic limbs that have feeling. This would be perfect for someone whos limb may be absent, in their situation. The University of Chicago has been doing research on robotic limbs that can feel. They did experiments on monkeys since their sense of touch is so similar to humans. The first set of experiments focused on contact location, or sensing where the skin has been touched. The animals were trained to identify several patterns of physical contact with their fingers. Researchers then connected electrodes to areas of the brain corresponding to each finger and replaced physical touches with electrical stimuli delivered to the appropriate areas of the brain. The result: The animals responded the same way to artificial stimulation as they did to physical 275 contact. Next the researchers focused on the sensation of pressure. In this case, they developed an algorithm to generate the appropriate amount of electrical current to elicit a sensation of pressure. Again, theShow MoreRelatedFrom Toys to Practicality: Brain Computer Interface Technology900 Words à |à 4 PagesFrom Toys to Practicality: Brain Computer Interface Technology The idea of Brain Computer Interface (BCI) technology is the subject of high interest for many people and families of the person experiencing considerable physical impairments, such as those with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). This knowledge is recognized by several monitors, such as BCI, Brain-Machine Interface (BMI), neuro-brain transmission and Direct Brain Interface (DBI). Conventional computer input and assistive technologyRead MoreBrain Computer Interface2272 Words à |à 10 Pagestries to link the human brain with machines allowing humans to control their environment through their thoughts. Research on BCIs began in the 1970s, but it wasnt until the mid-1990s that the first working experimental implants in humans appeared. Following years of animal experimentation, early working implants in humans now exist, designed to restore damaged hearing, sight and movement. The common thread throughout the research is the remarkable cortical plasticity of the brain, which often adaptsRead MoreBrain Computer Interfaces1205 Words à |à 5 PagesBrain-computer interfaces, or BCIs, are a developing technology that enable computers to interact directly with the brain for various purposes. They have various current applications, including prosthetic limbs, sight and hearing implants, diagnosis of medical conditions, and research into brain activity (Abdulkader, S 2015). In the future, more advanced forms may provide dramatic changes to communication, entertainment, exchange of knowledge and learning, and other aspects of society (Lance, B KerickRead MoreWhat Is A Brain Computer Interf ace?2728 Words à |à 11 Pages BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE Tejaswi Palacharla University of Houston ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION What is a Brain Computer Interface? Brain Computer Interface (BCI) is a communication channel between a brain and the computer. The BCI system transforms specific ââ¬Ëthoughtsââ¬â¢, into control signals. These are then converted to a computer readable form where the output is shown on the computer. This computer follows the instructions or thoughts given by the brain when a patient mentally visualizesRead MoreNeural Technology : Brain Computer Interface934 Words à |à 4 Pagestechnology is a field of engineering that specializes in taking information that is present in the brain and translating it to a medium that can be understood by a wide range of people. One of the ways this is done is with systems that take information directly from the brain and enable control over a computerized system. These are referred to as brain computer interfaces, also known as BCIs. Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology decodes neural signals in real time to control external devices (Rouse)Read MoreBrain-Computer and Brain-M achine Interfaces Applied to the Medical Field1780 Words à |à 7 PagesOver the years, brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), or brain-machine interfaces (BMIs), have advanced into a technology that can be regularly be applied to the medical field. BCIs have been used for rehabilitative purposes, such as patients suffering from loss of speech and motor functions. Every year, approximately 795,000 people suffer a stroke. Out of these people, 600,000 of these are first attacks and 185,000 are recurrent attacks [9]. Stroke patients often suffer from paralysis and loss of speechRead MoreBrain Computer Interface, Vs. Chip Technological Benefits1597 Words à |à 7 PagesBrain, Brain Computer Interface, V-chip, and V-chip Technological Benefits In the movie, South Park: Bigger, Longer, and Uncut, Dr. Vosknocker implants a v-chip into Cartmanââ¬â¢s head. The doctor then tells Cartman to say ââ¬Å"horsefuckerâ⬠in which, when Cartman complies, he is shocked. In response to the pain, he unconsciously cries out ââ¬Å"Goddamnitâ⬠in which he is shocked as well. (Parker, Stone, Brady, 1999) In order to follow the movieââ¬â¢s v-chip, we would have to place the v-chip in two places. The realRead MoreA Paper Presentation on Brain Controlled Car for Disabled Using Artificial Intelligence1667 Words à |à 7 PagesA Paper Presentation on BRAIN CONTROLLED CAR FOR DISABLED USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Submitted on the event of Zeitgeistââ¬â¢09 At UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Read MoreEmotiv System Essay737 Words à |à 3 Pagesof money in 2003, they decided to take a new challenge about processing brain signals. Then, together with Allan Snyder, a physicist and Neil Weste, a chip designer, they founded Emotiv Systems Inc.. The company built a Ramp;D lab to develop a workable system about brain signals process. Finally, the team had a breakthrough-successfully developed basic technology called EPOC, which can detect 30 mental states and process brain signals into software algorithms. Now, The company wants to launch thisRead MoreCommunication Technology Research Project : How It Works, And Its Application919 Words à |à 4 Pagescouldnââ¬â¢t believe all the different ways it could be used for all different types of people and the lengths it could reach. The technology that I decided to write my paper on is called Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI). I will discuss what exactly BCI is, how it works, and its application in todayââ¬â¢s world. Brain-computer interface is a technology that has been around for a while, however the technology has really taken off in recent years. The thing that makes this technology so dynamic is the fact that it
Sunday, December 8, 2019
The Sole Duty Of The Health Care Professionals And The Nurses
Question: Discuss about the Sole Duty Of The Health Care Professionals And The Nurses. Answer: Introduction The sole duty of the health care professionals and the nurses is to improve the access and the quality of the health care for the public. They are responsible for promoting the essential services that promotes good health to individuals, families and the communities. This paper discuses about the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance (HPCA) Act (2003) and theNursing Council of New Zealands (NCNZ) Code of Conduct aiming to increase the competence of the health care professionals and providing an insight to how the codes of conduct actually helps in the professional development of the health care professionals. Discussion HPCA act is the health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 provides a legislative framework for the regulation of the health care professionals for providing a safe care to the public ("Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act", 2018). The HPCA act provides the basic principles that differentiate the disciplinary process form the legislative process. The HPCA act provides a frame work that is meant not only for the doctor but also to the other health practitioners, whereas theNursing Council of New Zealands (NCNZ) Code of Conduct only refers to the code of conducts for the nurses and the midwives (Nursing Council of New Zealand, 2018). It acts as an important tool for improving the competence of the health practitioners. Both the Act and the codes of conduct helps in the interpersonal development of the nurses and provide a safe care to the patients. The ministry of health has also taken up tobacco control program and about $61.7 million is spent on the tobacco control p rogram ("DHB", 2018). The tobacco control program involves interventions like stopping people from smoking. It has been found that the health initiative taken by the ministry of health has decreased the current smoking status by the adults by 33 %. Some of the priority programs taken by the ministry of health are healthy eating healthy action, Clinical service development, Cancer control and Tobacco policy (" DHB", 2018). TheNursing council of New Zealand thus have established new codes of nursing for the protection of the health and the safety of the population by setting higher standards of clinical proficiency, Cultural competence and ethical demeanor among the nurses. Thenursing codes of conduct are framed centering four core values- Trust, respect, integrity and partnership and 8 principles (Nursing Council of New Zealand, 2018). The main purpose of this code of conduct is to give protection to the public by providing means for ensuring that the health care professionals are capable and fit to their professions. Today's nurses should have several elements in order to practice nursing with competence and integrity. The codes of conduct of the nurses set out the standards that the nurses are supposed to uphold in their professional career. One of the core values of the code of conduct is trust. It helps the nurses and the midwives to realize that it is important to develop a relationship of trust with the health care consumers (Butts, 2013). Development of trust between the patient and the families enables to think that the nurses care for them (Burgess, 2008). The code of conduct enables the nurses to take care of the dignity and the integrity of the patient. Patient advocacy is one of the important roles in nursing where the nurses influence the decision making in skills (Burgess, 2008). Nurses often have to part of interdisciplinary teams, where all the health care professionals have to play their specific parts. Hence nurses also have to be team players in order to remain in frontline with the doctors in the decision making process (Butts, 2013). Florence Nightingale believed that the ethical duty is the first and the foremost duty for the nurses. This perception underpins the description of ethics in the nursing profession till today (Straughair, 2012). Her exceptional contribution towards care delivery to the soldiers during the Crimean war is still an inspiration for the present day nurses. Under her influence the military health care system consisting of filthy health care wards were transformed in to clean, sanitary medical wards that provided the main framework of the present day nursing (Straughair, 2012). Conclusion The HPCA act and the codes of conduct helps in outlining the mission and the values of the health care professionals, how they are going to approach the problems, the legislative regulations and the codes of ethics that helps them in proving a patient centered care. References Burgess, M. (2008). A guide to the law for nurses and midwives. North Shore, N.Z.: Pearson Prentice Hall. https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Dt9lLQAACAAJdq=Burgess,+M.+(2008).+A+guide+to+the+law+for+nurses+and+midwives.+North+Shore,+N.Z.:+Pearson+Prentice+Hall.hl=ensa=Xved=0ahUKEwib-tCj8NbZAhUDOI8KHcZkD4EQ6AEILzAB Butts, J. B. (2013). Ethics in professional nursing practice (pp. 81-93). Jones and Bartlett Publishers. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=9R_ET0JLvEwCoi=fndpg=PA69dq=codes+of+conducts+for+the+nurses+in+newzealandots=faE8KWbw5Dsig=B9Ckrvr3VCYWlzOhLO9dIoQwtd8#v=onepageqf=false DHB. (2018).Ministry of Health NZ. Retrieved 28 March 2018, from https://www.health.govt.nz/new-zealand-health-system/my-dhb Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act. (2018). Ministry of Health NZ. Retrieved 5 March 2018, from https://www.health.govt.nz/our-work/regulation-health-and-disability-system/health-practitioners-competence-assurance-act Nursing Council of NewZealand. (2018). Code of conduct for nurses. Retrieved from https://www.nursingcouncil.org.nz/Nurses/Code-of-Conduct Straughair, C. (2012). Exploring compassion: implications for contemporary nursing. Part 1.British Journal of Nursing,21(3), 160-164.
Sunday, December 1, 2019
Young Goodman Brown. Puritanism in Hawthornes Story
ââ¬Å"Where reason may not wade, their faith may swimâ⬠Thomas Watson, a Puritan priest asserts. Puritanism was a faith developed by Englishman in the 1600ââ¬â¢s. They were a group of staunch believers in the Holy Bible. Although Puritanism resembled Christianity, it made a sharper distinction between sinners and non-sinners.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Young Goodman Brown. Puritanism in Hawthorneââ¬â¢s Story specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The religion stressed that each man had free will to choose and the sanctity of his/her soul was at risk; in other words, every individual had the mandate to determine his/her destiny by making choices. The transgressions of sinners subjected their soul to eternal damnation. The Puritan faith of a man is put into question in Nathaniel Hawthorneââ¬â¢s, ââ¬Å"Young Goodman Brown.â⬠A man, Brown, holds dear few things in the 1800ââ¬â¢s. He ha s his Puritan faith, which he earnestly cherishes, and guards, the love of his wife, ââ¬ËFaithââ¬â¢, whom he adores, and his ancestral upbringing, the deep-seated principles enshrined in Puritanism. These three elemental things help Goodman to navigate between good and evil; they form the platform from which Goodman decides his fate. As Brown faces the devilââ¬â¢s temptation, people easily persuade him to abandon what once grounded him, Puritanism. The Puritan values of the 1600ââ¬Ës as well as the peopleââ¬â¢s openness to mystical ideas defined good and evil and influenced some Puritans to question the truth and abandon their faith just like Eve of the bible who questioned Godââ¬â¢s truth before abandoning it under the wiles of the snake; the devil. The Puritans followed the Old Testament of the Holy Bible. One of the most famous stories of manââ¬â¢s ability to be swayed into temptation is the story of Adam and Eve. In ââ¬ËPuritan Paradise Lostââ¬â¢ book review, Keith Stavely shows how Adam, Eve, and Satan represent the common idea of conflict in the Puritan faith (Stavely 495.) The biblical version of this story bears a striking resemblance to Nathaniel Hawthorneââ¬â¢s story. According to the book of Genesis, God created Adam, and from his rib, Eve was created. After creating these pioneer human beings, God set upon them one demand; that, they were not to eat from the tree of knowledge of good and evil. Nevertheless, having been convinced to eat the forbidden fruit by the snake, Eve persuaded Adam to test Godââ¬â¢s will and committed sin by eating the very forbidden fruit. Consequently, Adam and Eve lost their purity and in its place, shame and guilt took over (New International Version, Gen. 3. 1-9).Advertising Looking for research paper on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For the first time, Adam and Eve realized they were naked and hid from the fa ce of God. Young Goodman Brown experiences this same guilt and persuasive tactics in Hawthorneââ¬â¢s story. In the initial stages of the story, Brownââ¬â¢s relationship with his wife, Faith, is much like that of Adam and Eve, a perfect couple; however, Brown is about to embark on an evil journey, which he knows his wife would not approve. ââ¬Å"â⬠¦and after this one night I will follow her into heaven. With this excellent resolve for the future, Goodman Brown felt himself justified in making more haste on his present evil purposeâ⬠(Hawthorne 16). Brown travels into the forest defiantly just as Eve ate from the tree of life. Just like Eve, Brown is in search of knowledge, which Satan uses to lure people away. Once tainted by her sins, Eve felt the need to cover herself from shame that ensued. The same way, shame affects Young Goodman Brown; as he enters deep into his journey, Brown tells the elder that his ancestors would never travel on such an unthinkable errand. I n response, the elder replies, ââ¬Å"I have been as well acquainted with your family as with ever a one among the Puritans; and thatââ¬â¢s no trifle to sayâ⬠(Hawthorne 18). The elder goes on to describe the evil doings of Brownââ¬â¢s father and grandfather. The shame that Brown feels is enough to convince him to continue on the journey even though he is sure his actions violate his Puritan faith. In the biblical context of Adam and Eve, the end to their innocence and an abandonment of trust underscored their punishment. Initially, Adam and Eve were to enjoy life in the Garden of Eden without toiling; however, after committing sin, punishment was upon them whereby, Adam was to toil for food while Eve was to experience labor pain in giving birth. In the case of Young Goodman Brown, punishment is in the death of his soul; he too has to live a life filled with doubt and uncertainty. ââ¬Å"Often, waking suddenly at midnight, he shrank from the bosom of Faith; and at morning or eventide, when the family knelt down at prayer; he scowled and muttered to himself, and gazed sternly at his wife, and turned awayâ⬠(Hawthorne 23.)Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Young Goodman Brown. Puritanism in Hawthorneââ¬â¢s Story specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More What once Brown held most important; his Puritan faith and his wife, no longer matters because the sins from his journey into the forest annihilates his soul that Puritans had warned him. Nevertheless, what evil force drives him to ruin the pure life he once had? The Puritans gave equal power to Satan as they did to God. The beliefs were that Satan worked as a servant of God to test the righteousness of Godââ¬â¢s followers. Many religions believed that the devil existed; however, what differentiated Puritans is that they believed that God was the devilââ¬â¢s motivating factor, that is; devil played a pivotal role to har ass and test peopleââ¬â¢s faith in God in the process of testing and restoring righteousness in Godââ¬â¢s followers. Therefore, Puritans believed that God gave Satan his powers in order to promote this religious way of life and to make achieving salvation difficult. Puritansââ¬â¢ loyalty to their faith was based on fear that God would call upon Satan to punish them (Kizer, Para. 5). In contemporary culture, people do not carry the same amount of fear of the devil; however, in ââ¬ËYoung Goodman Brownââ¬â¢, the fear of Satanââ¬â¢s appearance ran throughout the short story. Brown wondered, ââ¬Å"what if the devil himself should be at my very elbowâ⬠(Hawthorne 19). Brown feared that the devil would appear; however, the devil did not show up in the story as a literal person that could be seen. Instead, the devil was disguised as priests, elderly, women, and allusions and Brown ended up living amongst the very thing he feared, the devil. The most compelling allusi on comes towards the end of the story; the devil cast an allusion upon Brown by leading him to believe that his beloved wife Faith had fallen into the hands of the devil. Brown lamented, ââ¬Å"My Faith is gone! Cried he, after one stupefies momentâ⬠¦There is no good on earth; and sin is but a nameâ⬠(Hawthorne 44).Advertising Looking for research paper on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To Brown, this statement was two fold; one, he lost his wife Faith and two, he lost his faith in Puritanism. Who else but the devil could conjure up such a wicked event? Brownââ¬â¢s religious ideology was that of Puritan values. In other religions such as protestant and Catholic, the devil was someone that a sinner would meet in his/her afterlife; however, according to the Puritan culture, God used Satan top help ââ¬Å"promote righteous piety and individual spiritual welfareâ⬠(Kizer, Para. 9). In other words, a test of oneââ¬â¢s faith and in this test, Brown failed. Once convinced that Faith was gone, Brown followed her in the forest with vengeance. Unfortunately, instead of questioning his actions, Brown entertained the notion that he was a sinner; he lost his Faith. An abandonment of oneââ¬â¢s faith among Puritan culture was considered a weakness among men. A man was to remain true to his faith and his wife. Marriage was entered into as a lifetime bond of love, sac rifice, and forgiveness. Hawthorneââ¬â¢s story draws from these beliefs both figuratively and literally. Brown wifeââ¬â¢s name is Faith ââ¬â a play on words because she represents Brownââ¬â¢s Faith in God. Brown being of Puritan ideology is to remain true to God and his wife. Once his wife Faith appears to have left his life permanently, Brownââ¬â¢s figurative faith leaves as well (Mellow 60). By the end of the story, it is unclear whether Faithââ¬â¢s disappearance and the story in its entirety was a dream. The legitimacy of the story bears little relevancy because the result is the same. The weakness in Brownââ¬â¢s faith allowed him to believe that the story could have been true. The question becomes how could Brown show credence in such a story? As Hawthorneââ¬â¢s story takes the audience through the forest, the readers may call authenticity into question. The serpent staff and tales of witches and witchcraft lack validity in todayââ¬â¢s culture. In the Puritan culture, witchcraft was a sin against God. It attempted to alter the fate that God had bestowed upon his followers. If God could be conjured up in unconceivable manners, then all things involving witchcraft could be true. Witchcraft had been in Europe since the fifteenth century (Modugno, Para. 5). The idea of witchcraft is not synonymous to the Puritans; it appears throughout the Holy Bible. ââ¬Å"The nations you will dispossess listen to those who practice sorcery or divination. But as for you, the Lord your God has not permitted you to do soâ⬠(Deut. 18:14). The terms sorcery and divination are replacements for acts of witchcrafts. The verse is clear that God does not permit such practices. Hawthorne brings witchcraft into his story as the catalyst that lured Brown into evil. Several of the characters share the names of individuals charged with witchcraft. Hawthorneââ¬â¢s intention is to use the relationship between Brown and witchcraft to symbolize the relation ship between man and his Puritan faith. As Brown was drawn closer to witchcraft and those who believed in it, he slipped further away from the life of meaning (Modugno, Para. 9). This implies that the far an individual goes from God, the deeper s/he sinks into sin. The far Brown stayed around witches the deeper he sank into sin characterized by loss of meaningful life. In essence, God gives people purposes in life and without Him; life is meaningless as evidenced by Brown. The Puritan faith was largely based on the conflict between good and evil. A devout Puritan resisted temptation, no matter how great, letting his/her faith guide him/her through life. Nathaniel Hawthorne used the escapades of Young Goodman Brown as an example of that good and evil conflict. Evil came in form of witches, serpentââ¬â¢s tails, and allusions; however in the end evil, was in the mind of Young Goodman Brown. Hawthorneââ¬â¢s short story objective was to show the reader that the ââ¬Å"devil made me so itâ⬠is an insufficient answer, regardless of whether that devil was well disguised or not. The Puritan Faith left Brown with a feeling of self-doubt, which marked the end to his life with ââ¬Å"Faithâ⬠. Works Cited Hawthorne, Nathaniel. Young Goodman Brown. Maryland: Wildside Press, 2005. Print. Kizer, Kay. The Puritans. Web. Mellow, James R. Hawthorne in His Times. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1980. Modugno, Joseph. ââ¬Å"The Salem Witchcraft Hysteria of 1692 and ââ¬Å"Young Goodman Brown.â⬠Hawthorne in Salem,à Web. New International Version. The Holy Bible. New York: Harper, 1983. Stavely, Keith. ââ¬Å"Puritan Legacies: Paradise Lost and the New England Tradition, 1630ââ¬â1890.â⬠Journal of American Studies 22.3 (1988): 490-496. This research paper on Young Goodman Brown. Puritanism in Hawthorneââ¬â¢s Story was written and submitted by user Josie Q. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.
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